Which of the following is associated with the colon region's referred pain?

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Referred visceral pain follows the spinal segments shared by visceral and somatic nerves, so different gut regions map to different areas on the body surface. Foregut structures like the stomach and liver tend to refer to the upper abdomen or right upper quadrant; midgut structures such as the cecum and ascending colon refer around the periumbilical region; hindgut structures, including the distal transverse colon, sigmoid colon, and rectum, refer to the lower abdomen and pelvis, often in the left lower quadrant or suprapubic area. The sigmoid colon sits in the hindgut group, so its visceral afferents produce referred pain in the lower abdomen, especially the left lower quadrant. That association makes the sigmoid colon the classic match for colon-region referred pain.